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Narga Hack>All

Enjoy recruiting Nodion~

I found that quite easy, actually.

And Narga > Tordo > All others

It didn't help that I kept getting RNG screwed. >_>

WHEN DOES 90% MEAN 0%?!?!?!

In a single rn system

Edited by KILLINGYOUGUY!
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Does anyone know if they replaced the mugs on the Dark Warlords in FE4 Inflation?

IE Elf = Sara recolor?

No, but I recall that the sprites changed colors. Some also changed classes. Zwei is a Sargeant and Sieben is a Mage Fighter. They also all have minor holy blood.

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What'd, he send everyone on a search mission? ;3;

I wish. >_>;

But good to know that you're back, Love~<3

No one would be willing~ :awesome:

I missed you toooo, Roxxy~ ;3;<3 *hug*

Don't miss me as much, though. It makes me feel bad. </3

And I've got stuff to do tomorrow. So I might not be on then either. D':

Edited by soluna
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Does anyone know if they replaced the mugs on the Dark Warlords in FE4 Inflation?

IE Elf = Sara recolor?

No, but I recall that the sprites changed colors. Some also changed classes. Zwei is a Sargeant and Sieben is a Mage Fighter. They also all have minor holy blood.

OK.

Good

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I missed you toooo, Roxxy~ ;3;<3 *hug*

Don't miss me as much, though. It makes me feel bad. </3

And I've got stuff to do tomorrow. So I might not be on then either. D':

But I did~! D:

*hugs tighter*

Oh... Aw... ;_;

Let's get what we CAN get done tonight....

Days progress...? Or has Xion been a bitch? :3

Edited by Roxas
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In other news, I finished my research paper.

MWAHAHAHA. NOW ALL OF YOU SHALL DIE. :>

Austin Kim

Mrs. Dillon

WCH Period 6

Research Rough Draft

January 19, 2010

The Age of Enlightenment and Its Global Impacts

The Age of Enlightenment was a time of change. Beginning in the 18th century (though its roots can be traced far before), the Enlightenment created a new way of thinking. Taking some points from the foundation of the Scientific Revolution, the Age of Enlightenment was born from the basic need to question one’s surroundings. This later translated to one’s challenge to question power. Instead of relying on a higher authority to subordinate to, the Enlightenment forged the ideology of independence in individuals. Originating in France by its scholarly philosophes, such as Montesquieu and Diderot, who traveled the land searching far and wide to spread their ideals, this unique sense of individuality would impact and shape man forever. Today, one takes the intrinsic need to speak up for granted. However, that was not the case prior to the 1700’s. Previous ideas were all swept aside with the Age of Enlightenment. Europe would never be the same. Different areas of thinking were completely revolutionized. The undulating current of the Enlightenment buffeted all arts, sciences, economics, politics, government, and other sections of human expression. However, the philosophes did not stop at spreading their ideologies in Europe alone. Their concepts went on to reach the entire world. The Age of Enlightenment affected not only European culture, but also the world in arts, by mainly spreading works globally and promoting classical music, sciences, by accenting on ideals of the Scientific Revolution, and economics, by spreading the teachings of The Wealth of Nations worldwide.

The Age of Enlightenment did not spontaneously arrive in the middle of the 18th century. Its concept and roots stemmed from a man of the 1500’s named Erasmus. His unique talent in inciting people and spreading his word created the grounds for success. Erasmus was a very influential man who first advocated the idea of humanism. Different from the current 21st century Humanism of accenting on the superiority of humans, 16th century Humanism was the model of rebelling against the Church for one to develop his or her own ideas about the world. Learning from own experience and not just relying on another to interpret one’s surroundings for oneself was a key ideal. For the Humanists (Erasmus’s followers and scholars of history, literature, and the arts), learning wasn’t enough. One had to absorb what they could and comprehend its applications and significance. These notions became the original basis of the Enlightenment. People began to agree with these ideals, and even the Church considered changing their ways after understanding his rational and logical arguments. However, Erasmus’s near-success was all thrown away when Martin Luther nailed his ninety-five theses to the door of the Catholic Church. “Luther’s defiant stand against the Pope made any request for reform sound like heresy, and religious wars were soon to wreck the peace that Erasmus so prized.” (Gay 153) The conflict that erupted across the continent soon dwarfed all of Erasmus’s work and drowned it all in an ocean of war. However, Erasmus’s work did not fade for naught. His philosophy did not die, for the seeds he had sown had came to bloom two centuries later in the Age of Enlightenment.

The philosophes were the core of the Enlightenment. It was their travels and studies that spread these “Enlightened” thoughts with the other people of the world. Their new ideal of knowledge was simply a further development of 17th century logic and science. But there was a new emphasis on the specific rather than the general, observable facts rather than principles and experience rather than rational speculation. These new areas were measures for one to focus on details, see for oneself instead of relying on secondary sources, and to experiment as a better alternative to theorizing and guessing. Among these philosophes was a French man named Voltaire. He put great emphasis freedom and tolerance in culture. However, he reached a quandary in his quest to spread his beliefs. The monarchy, at this point in time, was too powerful to attack, seeing as how any call for reform was dealt with charges of treason against the government. Instead, Voltaire decided to accost the Christian Church. From then on, the central theme of the Enlightenment was to attempt to humanize religion. All philosophes rejected original sin and believed that religion was a mere illusion. Voltaire also created his Philosophical Dictionary that laid out all of his principles. Ranging from arts to tyranny, Voltaire wrote on subjects that fought for civil rights, the right to a fair trial, and freedom of religion. Another philosophe was named Montesquieu. He contemplated the government and its systems. He believed that the government should be divided into three different sections called branches. Each branch then had its own jobs to complete. The legislative branch enacted, amended, and repealed laws, while also holding the obligation to meet regularly to prevent chaos. The first executive branch held the law and communication of the nations. It made peace or war, sent or received embassies, established the public security, and provided against invasions. The other executive branch held civil law, and was dubbed “Judiciary Power.” It punished criminals and determined the disputes that arose between individuals, much like the judiciary branch in today’s society. Montesquieu believed that the end of any organization holding society together would mean the end of humanity itself. “As all human things have an end, the state we are speaking of will lose its liberty, it will perish. Have not Rome, Sparta, and Carthage perished? It will perish when the legislative power shall be more corrupted than the executive.”(The Spirit of the Laws) Fearing an overpowering branch, a separation of powers system known as “Checks and Balances” was developed. Although these philosophes were just two of many, their ideologies have held through for nearly 300 years. Voltaire’s concept of individuality and Montesquieu’s system of government are both exemplified in the United States of America today, just proving that a strong, well-developed thought is eternal and can withstand the test of time.

The diffusion of art across the world was a core mission of the Enlightenment. The Age of Enlightenment occurred in the 18th century, and as such, coincided with the end of the Baroque period of music and the beginning of the Classical period of music. The Enlightenment was certainly a fickle time for music. Changes in preferences occurred nearly every day. There seemed to be a correlation between current events and current tastes. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, for example, wrote most of his compositions in the 1790’s in the minor key. This was due to his reflection and interpretation of feelings from the beginnings of the French Revolution. As his work spread across the world, so did Mozart’s inner emotions. The passion that was contained in a simple concerto exemplified the entire pre-Revolution mindset in less than thirty minutes. Mozart also was the father of classical opera, a type of dramatic work set to actors, music, and instruments. The opera actually stemmed from Vienna, during the Enlightenment, which subsequently spread across the globe, eventually finding its new home in Italy, where it would be developed by a duo known as Albert & Hasse. The same Italian opera style that would later sweep the whole world with its powerful interpretations of relatively simple feelings began with Age of Enlightenment. Mozart’s hand was merely guided by the string of feelings that held the very ideal of individuality itself. The forte and crescendos that Italian opera is, today, so well known for, was a translation of independence from others into music! Also, composers were not the only ones working to spread their outlook on the world, but the philosophes themselves, as well. Voltaire, being one of the most prolific philosophes, had countless followers, and many of these supporters were arbiters of musical taste. As Voltaire’s ideas were traveling the world, so was music. The feelings on the Enlightenment were soon known everywhere. However, many publications and writing of the works of music were vague at that time. This halted the spread of music, and art in general, for some time. However, there will still works to come by and entertain oneself with. In fact, a development of art was not new for the Enlightenment, but it seemed new, due to a lack of international diffusion. Art had always been at the base of society, yet was only recently acknowledged during the Age of Enlightenment.

The Enlightenment had a great impact in the field of science, as expected, for the Scientific Revolution that occurred years before lubricated the path to discovery. People were taught to research and experiment for themselves, an idea further developed through the creation of the scientific method. The method was a process in how to conduct an entire experiment from start to end. Man was strongly urged to rely on himself to understand how the world worked, and not to listen to other opinions. Simple hit-and-miss attempts at theorizing weren’t enough, for finding evidence to substantiate the perfect argument was key. The theme of individuality and working for oneself soon became one of the basic premises the Enlightenment. The Protestant Reformation, a century ago, made the spread of ideals even easier. The Christian unity was disrupted, and therefore, there was less resistance for the Church to intervene and put up with these newfound advances. One of the most famous scientists of this time was Isaac Newton. He set the stage for the Age of Enlightenment with his numerous scientific discoveries. Through his studies in calculus, gravity, inertia and other advances, Newton’s new studies “opened” eyes of the world. “If the word ‘genius’ had been coined to describe a single man, that man might well have been Newton.” (Age of Enlightenment). He truly was the driving force behind science throughout the continent. Another significant scientist was Galileo Galilei. Nicknamed the “Father of Modern Observation,” he took Enlightenment ideals to heart and applied them to his studies. With his newly perfected telescope, he asked professors to look through it with their own eyes. He proclaimed that the universe was a being not to be understood from theories, but my observing the space itself. Scientific speculation should be directed by facts. According to Galileo, nothing could ever be assumed or postulated. Only the truth by information could be accepted. Galileo’s findings along with Newton’s science, paired with the philosophy of the Enlightenment, incited a large group of Enlightenment radicals across the world, ready to change the society that they lived in.

Much as Newton and Galileo spearheaded the Enlightenment’s impact on science, a man named Adam Smith took most of the credit for the Enlightenment’s impact on economics. His work, The Wealth of Nations, contained his own economic ideas. It changed the world’s view on a monetary system and set the ideal financial guideline. Smith first stated that a life during the Age of Enlightenment depends upon labor. “A man must always live by his work, and his wages must at least be sufficient to maintain him. They must even upon most occasions be somewhat more; otherwise it would be impossible for him to bring up a family, and the race of such workmen could not last beyond the first generation.” (The Wealth of Nations) A life in the Enlightenment depends upon money, which is generated by work, which in turn, ultimately sustains a family. A family then connotes a child, which will live up the legacy of the father, proving a successful life. Smith believed that every man in society must have been able to manage his own affairs in such a way that he had a produce of value in his own industry. Simply put, if a man already has both bargaining tools for a commodity in a one-sided trade, then there is no point, and no trade. A lack of trade hurts to economy in the long run. With every man participating in a trade of some sort, the economy thrives. This so-called, “Commercial Society” was introduced during the Age of Enlightenment. Basing itself upon profit and a financial system, it gave way to allow great economic progress to occur. Another revolutionary concept of Smith’s was the Division of Labor. In it, each man manufactured a part, eventually creating many little parts. These little parts would later be combined by the pieces of more than a hundred men. Together, mass production was possible, and could satisfy the economic and any industrial needs of the Enlightenment. Any job normally impossible for just one person could be completed, as easily, in the same time. Finally, Smith introduced the notion of minimizing rival threats (a concept that later found its way into America, along with most of Smith’s other policies). He encouraged companies to restrain their competition to maximize self-output and success. If man is able to find success alone, he is not required to divide his spoils among others. This competitive value soon came to take hold of many nations during the Enlightenment. The Wealth of Nations proved to be a timeless asset to modernization of Europe, both in economics and development.

The Age of Enlightenment was a great turning point both in Europe and the rest of the world. It affected arts, sciences, and economics worldwide. It impacted the arts by globalizing multicultural diversity. Cooking, painting, sculpture, and other works all found their ways across the world. Also, classical music that was so limited in Europe affected the rest of the world by introducing new styles. Romanticism succeeded the classical era internationally, not just areas such as Vienna, but in Italy, Russia, and Germany, as well. The Enlightenment’s impact on science would be felt forever. The Scientific Method was used everywhere, fueling advances in scientific discoveries worldwide. Although it is constantly being used today, the Scientific Method isn’t the only everlasting aspect of the sciences. The discoveries of scientists such as Newton and Galileo were taken upon and refined to create modern physics and astronomy. After the Age of Enlightenment, worldwide economies began to stabilize from the translations and diffusion of The Wealth of Nations. Fundamental principles of modern economics are taken from these teachings. The Age of Enlightenment created a unique spirit of individuality that would be considered for ages to come. It was this spirit that instilled the people of the lower classes with hope. It was this spirit that created a flood of newly enlightened commoners. It was this spirit that would give way to a revolution.

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